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ODILE. MARTIN, OF NEUILLY, NEAR PARIS, FRANCE.

INCUBATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 237,689, dated February 15, 1881.

Application filed November 17, 1880.

To all whom it may concern: 7

7 Be it known that I, ODILE MARTIN, of Neuilly, near Paris, France, have invented Improvements in Incubators, partly applicable for other purposes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being bad to the annexed sheets of drawings, making a part of the same.

I have received French Letters Patent for said invention for fifteen years, dated April 9, 1880, N 0. 136,015.

This invention relates to an improved incubator provided with apparatus whereby the eggs may be turned without opening the incubator, and heated either by means of a circulating apparatus termed a thermo-siphon, the Water in which is heated either by a lamp, a hot spring, hot-bed, or other source of heat, according to circumstances.

In order that the invention may be more readily understood, I have in the accompanying drawings represented several views of an incubator arranged in accordance with this invention.

Figure l is a front elevation of the incubator, and Fig. 2 a plan of same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a thermo-siphon heated by a small lamp with graduated chimney (represented separately in Fig. 4) for regulating the tem- Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the incubator, and 'Fig. 6 a horizontal section on line 1 2, Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a vertical section of a thermo-siphon with large lamp for heating the incubator at certain intervals during the day; and Figs. 8 and 9 are sections of the same, taken on lines 3 4 and 5 6 respectively. Figs. 10 and 1.1 show different forms of lamp-chimneys. Fig. 12 represents the cock for regulating the heat of-the incubator. Fig. 13 shows a method of heating the incubator by water from a hot spring, and Fig. 14 a method of heating by means of a hot-bed.

In all these figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts.

The incubator consists of a-zinc casing, A, of rectangular or other form, open at top and bottom, but with double walls to form a waterjacket, which water-jacket is surrounded by a wall, B, constructed of a suitable non-conductor of heat. The whole is inclosed in a wood cas- (N 0 model.) Patented in France April 9, 1880.

in g. Two tubes, 0 D, respectively at the upper and lower part of the water-jacket A, connect it with the thermo-siphon E. The open top of the incubator is closed by a double glazed cover, F, through which the interiorF may be seen. Thus arranged, the incubator may be used in the ordinary manner by drawing off water by cock 0, Figs. 13 and 14, and filling up with boiling water morning and evening, the volume of water drawn oft being regulated, first, by the quantity of water previously withdrawn; second, by the difference between the temperature inside the incubator and that of the external air. This operation requires considerable care, attention, and intelligence.

The present improvements have for their object to facilitate the operation of heating the incubator, and also to enable the eggs to be turned without opening the apparatus, so as to avoid cooling.

The egg-turning apparatus is entirely contained in a drawer, which may be placed beneath the reservoir A, Figs. 1, 5, and 6, and consists of a series of parallel horizontal rollers, G, upon which the eggs are placed. These rollers turn on their axes, and are provided with chain-pinions g at one end, an endless chain, H, passing round and pressed into gear with them by small rollers I, Fig. 1. The chain also passes round a pinion, J, which is turned by a key, K, at the outside of the easing. Bythis means all the eggs may be quickly turned at once without loss of heat. In Fig. l the ends of the rollers G are plainly shown carrying the pinions g. In Fig. 5 some eggs are shown asplaced upon the rollers G.

The incubator is heated by an apparatus consisting of a cylindrical chamber, E, of about one foot in height and four inches in diameter, connected with thejacket A by pipes O D, and inclosing a metal chimney, L, about two-thirds the height of the cylinder,-and of variable form, according to the kind of lamp employed. (See Figs. 10 and 11.) The top end of the chimney, Fig. 7, opens into and supports an annular chamber, M, which is traversed by three tubes, N, Figs. 8 and 9, that connect the lower and upper water-spaces, O P. From the chamber M rise three fines, g, which traverse the water-space P, and are open at top. The chimney and fines are thus inclosed in water contained in the cylindrical chamber E. The current of heated air from the lamp ascends the chimney L, strikes the bottom of water-space P, is distributed in chamber M, and finally escapes through fines q. Two lamps are employed, as will be hereinafter explained, and are secured in the base of the chimney by a bayonet-joint. It S are screw-plugs closing the orifices for filling and emptying the heating apparatus of the incubator.

The jacket A should be of such area and so inclosed that the incubator, even in the most severe cold, shall not lose more than 3 centigrade in twelve hours.

For incubation, it is necessary to maintain the temperature between 38 centi grade and 42 centigrade. Suppose, now,thatin the mornin g the internal temperature is 38 centi grade, the large lamp is lighted and fixed in place, and as soon as the thermometer marks 40 centigrade the lamp is extinguished. I repeat the same operation about eight or ten hours after, the thermometer having by that time fallen one degree. To maintain a uniform temperature throughout the night, I substitute a small lamp, which is kept alight until the moi-nin This lamp, which is shown in Fig. 3, is like the larger one, but has only a very small wick, and the flame is capable of being regulated by slipping around the cone of the burner a metal tube, slotted as shown in Fi 4. This tube is indicated on and above the cone in Fig. 3. Through its slot the height of the flame may be seen. It is only necessary to raise the heat twice a day to 40 centigrade, turn the eggs by a turn of the key K, and to light the small lamp at night.

The thermo-siphon and lamp may be applied to other incubators now in use. Either petroleum, benzoline, oil, spirit, or gas may be burned, it being only necessary to modify the chimney, or a small tube containing incandescent charcoal may be used by modifying the internal arrangement of the apparatus; but it is preferred to employ petroleum in an apparatus such as that shown, as being more convenient and economical, the arrangement of the chimney facilitating the combustion of the gases without smell. Other means of heating may also be employed, whether the source of heat be inclosed by a water space or not. Where a hot spring or a hot-bed is available, it may be employed, and in this case a wormtube connected at C and D to the incubator is embedded in a pit containing manure, as in Fig. 14. The circulation of hot water thus established in the worm may be regulated by the cock shown in Fi 12.

Fig. 13 shows the coil disposed in a reservoir through which a current of water from a natural hot spring is caused to flow. The cock shown in Fig. 12 is provided with a pointer moving over a quadrant, the cock turned on more or less until the proper hatching-heat of 40 centi grade is marked by the thermometer inside the incubator. Should the thermometer rise or fall the cock is regulated accordingly. This cock is also applicable to the beating apparatus before described.

The above'described methods of heating by means of a tbermo-siphon may also be applied to artificial mothers and other apparatus used in connection with incubators, as well as for heating green-houses, rooms, stoves, vats, &c.

To insure successful incubation the eggs must be properly ventilated and aerated, and in the incubators hitherto employed the ventilation has either been insufficient or too active, thus unduly cooling the eggs. In order to obviate these objections I employ the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6. At the lower part of the incubator are a number of air-inlet orifices, T, through which pure air has free access beneath the eggs, and the escape of carbonic acid is facilitated. In Fig. 5 these holes T are shown to extend from below to a porous flooring of woolen or other bad heatconducting substance placed into the incubator, so that the air entering through the holes T will pass through said porous covering into the incubator. tending down nearly to the eggs, their upper ends being carried out at the sides of the easing to the outer air. The ends of these tubes are open. By the system of ventilation estab lished between the orifices T and V the air contained in the upper part of space F will retain the whole of its heat and impart it to the eggs, over which it is caused to be continually circulated. To guard against overheating the incubator a thermo-eleetric alarm is placed in the interior, whereby, on the heat attaining the maximum limit, the rising of the mercury closes an electric circuit and sounds an alarm.

I claim- The combination of the thermo-siphon E and its pipes C D with the water-jacket A, heating-lamp, and with the incubator-chamber F, which is surrounded by saidjacket at the sides, but not at the bottom, and which is provided with ventilating-openin gs Tin bottom, andwith ventilatingpipes U, substantially as specified.

ODILE MARTIN.

\Vitnesses:

R0131. M. HooPER, JEAN BAPTISTE HOLLAND.

U V are bent tubes ex- 

